How to Construct An Earthquake Resistant Building

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From Latur earthquake in 1993 to the devastating one in B
India has witnessed many major earthquakes in the past few dehuj in 2001, various regions of India have been devastated due to this natural calamity.
Such incidents have only exposed the vulnerability of the building designs and codes in the country.
After such incidents, the Indian government has taken strict measures to implement rigorous construction standards for building earthquake-resistant buildings in the areas prone to seismic activity.
Here are a few facts on how to construct earthquake-resistant structures:

1. To make and design buildings that are earthquake resistant, it's important to keep them light and flexible.
   This helps them absorb and distribute the energy of their movement during an earthquake.
2. It is imperative to use materials that can bend without breaking.
   Bending without breaking helps in making the building more shock absorbent.
   In this regard, TMT bars have excellent shock absorbing properties. This is because they have a soft inner core and a tough exterior.
   They have a high elongation point and are extremely durable to withstand any seismic shock. Earthquake resistant TMT bars can be used to reinforce the building structure.
3. In earthquake-prone zones, to make the homes earthquake-resistant, keep the walls and the partitions light.
   Constructing thin concrete floors also helps.
   Both shear walls with a paneling system and braces channeling a side-to-side force downward into the foundations of the building also make the construction earthquake-resistant.
4. During an earthquake, the load-bearing structures undergo a brittle failure.
   On the other hand, a well-built and properly designed Reinforced Cement Concrete or RCC structure undergoes a ductile failure.
   Making the a building earthquake-resistant is all about ensuring that the damage caused to the buildings results in zero loss of human life and that the damages are caused within an acceptable range and just at the right places.
   Buildings that are earthquake-resistant and are built with strict adherence to proper building code are either load bearing structures or RCC structures.
   The brick walls are thick in load bearing structures (between 9 inches to 1 foot). These walls carry the load to the foundation of the building.  
   The structure may have beams, and the slab is usually made of concrete which is reinforced with steel or earthquake-resistant TMT bars.
   RCC structures (also referred to as framed structures) are made of concrete and steel.
   The load in this structure is usually carried to the foundation by shear walls or columns that rests on concrete piles.
5. Load bearing structures are not much resistant to earthquake.
   During the Nepal earthquake in 2015, the buildings that suffered the most damage were the ones with load bearing structures.
   That is why it is essential to secure the building with TMT bars and follow the design codes as mentioned in the National Building Codes of India.